The aim of this study was to verify the efficacy and safety of the application of aesthetic procedures in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjögren’s disease.

A narrative review conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and SciELO databases up to September 2025, utilizing combinations of descriptors relating to autoimmune rheumatic diseases and aesthetic procedures. Included studies comprised observational studies, clinical trials, case series, case reports, and reviews.

The literature demonstrates that procedures such as hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers, botulinum toxin A, and low-fluence lasers may be used with relative safety in selected patients, preferably those in remission or low disease activity. Permanent materials present a greater risk for late immune-mediated reactions and Autoimmune/Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants (ASIA) syndrome. Emerging biostimulators (poly-L-lactic acid and calcium hydroxyapatite), regenerative aesthetic techniques, and thread lifting have growing interest, but require caution in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRD) due to inflammatory and adjuvant effects. Mild local complications were reported in approximately 15% of patients in observational cohorts.

Medical aesthetics represents a useful and complementary therapeutic option for patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases, but indications should be cautious, with a preference for temporary materials, multidisciplinary planning, and long-term follow-up. We recommend restricting these procedures to periods of remission and prioritizing temporary materials.